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英語のお天気用語・用例
Originated: 2002-10/11, Last Updated: 2003-01/09,01/16
英語のお天気用語は、新聞や易しい入門書、そしてNativeとの英語会話の中から拾ってみました。
青字でキーワードを、その後に用例を示しました。いずれも、そのまま使える文例です。
気象の専門用語だけでなく、現象の動きや程度、形容詞的な用語も含めています。
Refer to the weather-related web sites:
・用語の定義(CACADAにリンクします。)
・用語の定義(NOAAにリンクします。)
・天気の予想(ＵＳ，NOAAにリンクします。)
現象の名称（名詞）、そのものの表現：
cold front : Showers will wet parts of the region today as a cold front
approaches the region.
A strong cold front will push into the Northwest today.
An arctic cold front will move into Pennsylvania today.
An arctic cold front will cause some flurries and a squall across central New York.
contrail : 飛行機エンジンからの排出水蒸気がcondenseして出来た雲
Contrail is an abbreviation of condensation trails.
depression : Tropical Depression Kyle will cause a few thunderstorms in Florida.
distrail : 飛行機エンジンからの廃熱により一部がdissipateした雲
drizzle : Spotty rain and areas of drizzle will affect the region today. 霧雨
easterly flow: An easterly flow will keep the entire region under considerable
cloudiness the whole day.
flurry : A few showers and flurries will move across the northern Great Lakes.
a brief shower of snow. にわか雪
Precipitation in the form of snow from a convective cumulus- type cloud.
Flurries are characterized by the suddenness with which they start and stop,
by their rapid changes in intensity, and usually by rapid changes in the
appearance of the sky.
frost : Frost can form as far south as interior portions of northern Florida.
gust : 突風
high pressure: Canadian high pressure over the Plains on Sunday will allow
for cold conditions.
highs : Highs will range from 40 in Montana to the 80s in Kansas.
hurricane :
Lake Effect Snow : Lake effect snow occurs often during the winter months.
Some lake-effect snow will fall across the Upper Peninsula of Michigan today.
Lake-effect snow will continue over western New York.
lows : Lows tonight will range from the 20s in the northern Rockies to the 60s
in eastern Nebraska.
precipitation: Precipitation will be limited, but a few showers will wet Washington and Idaho.
shower : Precipitation will be limited, but a few showers will wet Washington and Idaho.
slush : The snow had melted to brownish, dirty slush. Also see ---> slushy.
storm system : A storm system will bring a rain or high-elevation snow shower to parts of
New Mexico on Sunday.
thunderstorm : Tropical Depression Kyle will cause a few thunderstorms in Florida.
tornado : A violently destructive windstorm occurring over local areas of land,
having a long, funnel-shaped cloud that extends to the ground. funnel=じょうご、煙突
"tornado" は 米国では、"twister" とも言われています。
参照記事---> ★All about tornado 英語の天気予報と顕著な気象現象
weather : The state or condition of the atmosphere with respect to wind, temperature,
moisture, etc.
The house has been exposed to or affected by exposure to the weather.
The rock weathered through the centuries.
He has weathered through a difficult time.
---
現象の動き・変化を描写する表現：
accumulate : Snow will fall in much of the higher terrain of Wyoming Tuesday night,
accumulating as much as a foot in some locations.
affect : Showers and a couple of thunderstorms will affect most of the region tonight.
bring : Lake-effect snow will bring 3 to 6 inches of snow to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
condense : Contrails are the straight lines of clouds which are produced by condensation of
the water vapor emitted from the aircraft's engines.
dissipate : A few showers will wet parts of Wisconsin early today, but should dissipate
as they move into drier air to the east.
block : The air masses come across the Japan sea are blocked by the Japan's high mountains.
動きが止められる
blow : Cold winds will blow in the northern Rockies.
buffet : Brisk winds will buffet northern and central New England. 繰返し吹き付ける
dampen : A few rain showers and mountain snow showers will dampen New Mexico today.
---> dampen = v. to become damp or moisteded. damp= adj. slightly wet; moist eg.
The towels were still damp.
---> dump = to drop 、--- Don't mix up(a & u ; confusing) !
deterioration: to expect moderate deterioration. 悪化
develop : Locally dense fog will develop in the central valley of California late.
give way to : Low clouds along the California coast will give way to sunshine.
glaze : Ice will glaze the Carolinas and central Tennessee Valley. 雨氷。ガラスの
表面のようになる glassy
howl : Temperatures will plummet and winds will howl as the front passes.
ぴゅーぴゅーと吹く
improve : The weather improves. 天気が良くなる。
influx : A steady influx of moisture from the south will cause rain and drizzle
across the region tonight. 流入
in store : A nice end to the weekend is in store for the region today.
linger : Just a few clouds may linger in eastern Texas. ぐずぐずする
mix in : The highest mountain peaks will have snow showers mixing in with the rain.
plummet : Temperatures will plummet and winds will howl as the front passes. 下がる
plunge : A cold front will plunge across the region east of the Rockies on Saturday night
and bring sharply colder temperatures to that region.
rise : Despite a good deal of sunshine, temperatures will struggle to rise.
rule out : A few flurries still cannot be ruled out across northwestern Pennsylvania.
米国人教師に聞いたところ、"rule out" の意味は「除外する」でなく、"not to take
into consideration" のようです。
従って、文意は、"It might happen." である、とのことのようです。
起こる可能性は、"small chance" です。多分「埒外」の意、であろう。
rumble : Thunderstorms will rumble through Arkansas and Louisiana.
shroud : Fog will shroud the coast of California tonight.
Clouds will shroud the Ohio Valley, while the rest of the region will have
a partly sunny sky.
spill : Frigid air will continue to spill into northern areas on Saturday night.
stall : A stalled front. とまる
surges : warm air will surge northward. 押し寄せる
tap : Plenty of sunshine is on tap across the Deep South and Carolinas.
taper off : Snow will taper off in Upstate New York and northern New England. 次第に少なくなる
trigger : An area of low pressure to the west will trigger a few showers and thunderstorms
in Iowa, northern Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan.
turn : Skies will clear, and it will turn colder across Pennsylvania Saturday night.
wet : A few showers will wet parts of Wisconsin early today, but should dissipate
as they move into drier air to the east.
現象を予想する表現：
expect : A mostly cloudy sky is expected tonight across the region.
focus : A stalled front will be the focus for shower and thunderstorm activity today.
rule : A clear sky will be the rule across the region tonight.
米国人教師に聞いたところ、この文章は、"A clear sky will rule across the region tonight. "
とすべきだ、とのことです。rule=dominate の意味です。
watch,warning: Definition: watches,warnings,advisories
Definition: watches,warnings,advisories. Weather Terminology
Definitions & Preparedness
現象の程度や範囲（量的、時間的、空間的表現）：
above zero : Lows will range from the single digits above zero in eastern Nevada to the 50s in
southern California.
across : The focus for showers will be across Kentucky.
a couple of : Showers and a couple of thunderstorms will affect most of the region tonight.
a few : Tropical Depression Kyle will cause a few thunderstorms in Florida.
a good deal of : A chilly dome of high pressure will provide the region with a good deal of
sunshine today.
all but far : All but far southern Texas will dry out Sunday with partial sunshine.
as cool as : Otherwise, it will be a mostly cloudy but not as cool as yesterday.
as well : Some snow will fall in southern Missouri and Illinois. There will be lake-effect snow
as well.
average : Temperatures will be cooler than the last few days, but will be near seasonal averages.
below zero : Lows will range from below zero in North Dakota to the 20s in southern areas.
blustery : It will also be blustery and cold across most of the region. 風が吹き荒れる
chance : There is a chance of a shower or thunderstorm, especially from Georgia and Alabama
to Florida.
dense : Locally dense fog will develop in the central valley of California late.
despite : Despite some sun, temperatures will be more than 20 degrees below normal in many spots.
in control : The rest of the region will be partly sunny with high pressure in control.
intermittent : Intermittent snow Wednesday in Iowa, northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin.
locale : Most areas will break for sunshine, but the fog will hang on in some locales.
---> = locality = a specific place or area
mostly : A mostly cloudy sky is expected tonight across the region.
over : Kyle will be over Florida causing a few thunderstorms.
Panhandle : There will also be some showers and thunderstorms in Texas as well as the
Oklahoma Panhandle.
partial : All but far southern Texas will dry out Sunday with partial sunshine.
southerly : Southerly winds will bring milder air to southern New England.
---> (esp. of a wind) coming from the south. A mild southerly wind.
---> same usage: easterly, northerly, westerly
steady : Low pressure will cause steady rain in Tennessee and Kentucky.
現象が呈する五感に関する表現：
brisk : Brisk winds will buffet northern and central New England. 心地よい
chilly : A chilly dome of high pressure will provide the region with a good deal of
sunshine today.
damp : 衣服が乾いていなくて湿った状態、部屋が寒くかつ湿っぽい状態、
moist本来あるべき湿り、humid天候や天気の話のときのテクニカルワード
frigid : very cold in temperature: a frigid climate
high-elevation: A storm system will bring a rain or high-elevation snow shower to parts of New
Mexico on Sunday.
patchy : Some patchy drizzle may be around in the Los Angeles Basin with low clouds lingering.
つぎはぎだらけの
slushy : Adj. of slush: partly melted snow. The snow had melted to brownish, dirty slush.
stubborn : Stubborn low clouds and fog will continue in eastern Washington and northern Oregon
on Saturday night.
tranquil : Tranquil across the region tonight with areas of fog in the valleys.
Dry and tranquil weather is expected in Wyoming, Kansas and Nebraska
with some sunshine.
現象の影響や被害に関する表現：
debris : The beach was littered by debris. 爆撃、災害等の後の残骸。
その他のお天気関連表現：
weather-beaten : Worn or damaged by baving been exposed to the weather.
Tunned and toughened by having been exposed to the weather.
weather forecast: 天気予報。
weather forecaster: Someone on television or radio who tells you what the weather will be like.
weathering : The action of natural elements, as wind and water, on exposed rock,
causing it to disintegrate. 風化、風化作用。
weatherize : To make (a building) secure against cold weather, as by adding insulation.
weatherman : A meteorologist. A person who studies and forecasts the weather.
Also called weatherperson.
weather pttern : The way the weather usually is or changes over a long period of time
in a particular area.
weatherproof : Adj. Able to withstand exposere to all kind of weather.
weather report : （気象台の）天気予報。
weather station : 測候所。
weather strip : A narrow strip of material placed between a door or window sash and its frame
to keep out rain, wind, cold, and snow.
Longman Advanced American Dictionary では、この単語は「動詞」の表示になっています。
weather stripping: NOUN form of weather strip(verb and noun ?)
weather vane : A rod to which a freely spinning pointer is attached that moves in the wind
and shows the direction of the wind.
Weather cock.
weather-wise : Adj. よく天気をあてる。 人の感情や意見をたくみに予測する。
Idioms:
under the weather : Idiom. (a) somewhat ill. (b) drunk.
Environmental words:
Global warming
Acid rain
Animal extinction
Air pollution
Water contamination
Photo chemical smog
Deforestation ??
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